When a debtor systematically divests assets to frustrate legitimate creditor claims—whether by transferring real property to a spouse,...
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This Article examines the procedural and substantive defenses available to transferees in fraudulent conveyance actions under Polish civil...
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In March 2025, a seven-judge panel of the Polish Supreme Court resolved a question that had divided Polish...
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I. INTRODUCTION Among the various mechanisms available to creditors seeking protection against debtor malfeasance, the actio Pauliana—or...
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The actio pauliana, a venerable institution tracing its origins to Roman law’s fraus creditorum, serves as the primary...
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